High quality factor metasurfaces for dynamic, electro-optically controlled wavefront shaping

Here we present high quality factor (high-Q) metasurfaces as a new platform for continuous, electro-optical reconfigurability. Using full-field simulations, we show how applying a voltage across individual nanoantenna shifts the spectral position of the high-Q resonance, modifying the antenna phase and amplitude, and achieving a full 2 pi phase variation with reflectance above 93%. We next computationally design a modulatable beam steerer; without bias light is directly reflected from the metasurface, whereas with applied biases of +9.2, 0, and -9.2 V across three constituent antennas the light is diffracted to 30 deg with 65% efficiency. Biases of 13, 2, -2, and -13 V across 4 constituent antennas diffract to 22 deg. Our presentation will discuss not only the design but also fabrication and characterization en route to a versatile metasurface platform that can reconfigurably achieve a variety of transfer functions.