Vanadate-based electrodes for rechargeable batteries

In recent decades, both traditional Li-ion batteries and emerging metal-ion batteries have become critical in driving the advancement of energy storage systems (ESSs). However, the lack of appropriate and inexpensive electrode materials that can provide high energy/power density, long-term cyclability and high rate capability is a major obstacle to the practical usage of such technologies. In the history of the search for effective electrodes in battery technologies, vanadate-based compounds reveal interesting properties with rich redox chemistry, receiving significant attention in battery applications. Thus, this review provides a detailed overview of recent developments in the effective use of vanadate-based materials for ESSs, covering primarily material design approaches and practical applications. Insights into technological advances and problems for ESSs are also presented with a focus on vanadate-based electrodes.