Perfusão cerebral retrógrada é método eficaz de proteção cerebral?: resultados imediatos de estudo consecutivo e randomizado

Thirty patients with diagnosis of aortic aneurysm or dissection were submitted to surgery and randomized into two groups. Group I, consisting of 15 patients underwent retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and Group II, also with 15 patients in which the RCP was not utilized. Eleven (36.7%) patients had ascending aorta aneurysm and aortic arch, 7 (23.3%) had acute aortic dissection type I, 6 (20%) suffered from chronic dissection of the ascending aorta and the remaining 6(20%) had other ungroupable diagnosis. The following independent variables were analyzed in the two groups: age, sex, extra-corporeal time span, duration of circulatory arrest, diagnosis and previous complications. Immediate mortality in Group I was 4/15 (26.6%) and in Group II 3/15 (20.0%) p = 1.00. The rate of neurological complications in Group I was 3/15 (20%) and in Group II, 2/15 (13.3%) p = 1.000. Causes of death were: respiratory insufficiency in 4 patients, neurological changes, hyperpotassemia and myocardial infarct, respectivelly in the last three. In this study, we concluded that the association of RCP does not provide more effective cerebral protection than circulatory arrest with deep hypothermia for the ischemic period studied.