Experiment with the SPR-N Instrument Onboard the CORONAS-F Satellite: Polarization, Temporal, and Spectral Characteristics of the Hard X-Ray of the Solar Flares

During the experiment with a polarimeter SPR-N onboard the CORONAS-F satellite, polarization of the X-ray of solar flares within the energy ranges of 20–40, 40–60, and 60–100 keV was measured according to Thomson scattering of X-ray photons in Beryllium plates with the following registration of the scattered photons by means of a system of six scintillation detectors based on Cs I(Na). As a result of observations for the period from August 2001 till December 2005, hard X-ray radiation was registered for 128 solar flares. During the event of 29 October 2003 degree of polarization of the radiation within the channels 40–60 and 60–100 keV exceeded 70 %, and within the channel 20–40 keV—50 %. Time profiles of the part of polarized radiation, orientation of the maximum polarization on the solar disc were obtained. The upper limit of the polarized radiation part for 25 events was estimated at the level of 8–40 %. For all registered flares time profiles (with resolution of up to 4 s) were registered, hard X-ray fluxes were determined, and spectrum factor was estimated. For the most powerful events which were observed during October–November 2003 and on January 20, 2005, the data on the dynamics of the characteristics of thermal and non-thermal components of X-radiation were obtained.