Modification of precursor polymer using co-polymerization: A good way to high performance electrospun carbon nanofiber bundles

Abstract Copolymers, poly(acrylonitrile-co-monobutylitaconate-co-n-butylacrylate) (copolyacrylonitrile, co-PANs) with different content of monobutyl itaconate (MBI) were synthesized by free radical polymerization and then electrospun into aligned nanofibers. After thermal treatments of stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization, the resulting aligned co-PAN nanofibers were converted to aligned electrospun carbon nanofiber bundles (ECNFB) with diameters of approximately 200 nm. FT-IR technique was applied to investigate the stabilization process of co-PAN nanofibers, while XRD, TEM and tensile tester were used to characterize the microstructures and mechanical properties of the ECNFB. The measured results revealed that MBI was a fairly useful comonomer for preparing high performance PAN-based CNFs by improving the stabilization of co-PAN nanofibers and by promoting the formation of ordered graphite crystals in the ECNFB. When the content of MBI unit in co-PAN was 5 wt%, the aligned ECNFB exhibited a tensile strength of up to 1.8 GPa and a Young׳s modulus of up to 97.0 GPa, which is 86% and 67% higher than those of the ECNFB previously reported in our group respectively.