Impaired testicular function after an ifosfamide-containing regimen for pediatric osteosarcoma: a case series and review of the literature.

: To assess testicular function after standard dose ifosfamide, we evaluated 6 young adult osteosarcoma survivors (median age at diagnosis, 16.5 y; median follow-up, 4 y) treated with ifosfamide (median dose, 45.5 g/m) as part of a chemotherapy regimen (adriamycin/cisplatin/methotrexate/ifosfamide/± muramyl-tripeptide-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine). Four of 6 survivors (67%) had abnormal semen analysis (2 oligospermic, 2 azoospermic). Of those, 1/4 had reduced testicular volume, and 2/3 elevated FSH levels. All reported adequate sexual function, 6/6 had normal testosterone levels, but 4/6 had elevated LH levels. Ifosfamide exposure in the context of this regimen was associated with a high likelihood of impaired spermatogenesis and Leydig cell insufficiency.