Online and real-time measuring method for surplus capacity of transformer substation valve control type sealed lead-acid storage battery

The invention discloses an online and real-time measuring method for the surplus capacity of a transformer substation valve control type sealed lead-acid storage battery. The online and real-time measuring method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a simplified model of the transformer substation valve control type sealed lead-acid storage battery; (2) revising the formula of the simplified model by considering the influences on open-circuit voltage OCV of the storage battery by the surplus capacity SOC of the storage battery and a polarization effect of the storage battery; obtaining an OCV-SOC curve, charging/discharging resistance and a voltage change value generated by the polarization effect of the transformer substation valve control type sealed lead-acid storage battery through an experiment method; (3) on the basis of the revised model in the step (2), establishing a state equation and an observation equation by taking the surplus capacity SOC of the storage battery as a state vector and terminal voltage of the storage battery as an observation vector; (4) after finite-time iteration, enabling an estimated value of the surplus capacity SOC of the storage battery to be close to a real value under a minimum mean square error rule according to a Kalman filter iterative formula. The online and real-time measuring method has the advantages of high precision and small calculation amount.