Multi-phase detection of antioxidants using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with a gold nanoparticle-coated fiber

Abstract The development of a method for multi-phase detection of antioxidants using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated fiber as a substrate is described. The AuNP-coated fiber was directly inserted into a multi-phase system containing model analytes of ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and α-tocopherol, representing hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic antioxidants, respectively. The AuNP-coated fiber enabled simultaneous detection of antioxidants present within the aqueous, interfacial, and organic phases of the multi-phase system. An oil-in-water emulsion was used as a model multi-phase system, where the antioxidant profiles of the three model analytes were successfully characterized. This method enables rapid, simultaneous, and non-destructive analysis of multiple antioxidants in complex multi-phase systems.