Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of lupus nephritis in China

Lupus nephritis (LN) refers to renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus and is characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension and renal insufficiency. The complete remission rate of proliferative LN remains low using the current induction protocols and LN tends to flare. Scientific and standardized diagnosis and therapy are crucial for the treatment of LN. Therefore, based on the current international and domestic experiences and guidelines, the Chinese Rheumatology Association developed the recommendations of diagnosis and therapy for LN, with the purpose of enhancing efficacy, reducing flare, halting renal progression and improving outcome of LN.