Aqueous electrodeposition of iron group–vanadium binary alloys

Abstract Electrodeposition of binary iron group (IG)–vanadium (V) alloys from aqueous citrate solutions was investigated. Addition of NH 3 (aq.) and increasing solution pH resulted in increased deposit V content, but non-metallic deposits were obtained at solution pH > 7. Increasing current density resulted in an almost linear decrease in V content and a sharp increase in hydrogen evolution (decreased current efficiency). In general, the amount of V deposited with the IG metal increased as follows: Ni