Rituximab: a new monoclonal antibody therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), specifically rituximab, in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to describe the nursing management of patients receiving rituximab. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, abstracts, book chapters, drug manufacturer, lectures, and personal experience with rituximab. DATA SYNTHESIS: NHL ranks sixth among malignancies in incidence and mortality in the United States. The most common subtype, low-grade follicular lymphoma, is considered incurable. Lack of specificity may limit the usefulness of chemotherapy for low-grade follicular NHL. However, MAb therapy may deliver a cytotoxic effect specifically to the targeted cancer cell. Rituximab is the first MAb approved for cancer therapy. Clinical trials indicate that rituximab is efficacious and safe for recurrent or chemotherapy-resistant, B-cell, low-grade NHL. Infusion-related side effects are the most common and can be managed effectively by following the infusion rate recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Monoclonal antibody therapy is an effective and safe treatment modality for cancer. Infusion-related side effects are managed effectively by following infusion rate recommendations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to be knowledgeable about MAb therapy to educate patients and families regarding the mechanism of action and side-effect profiles of these agents, which often differ from those of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Nurses should be familiar with the unique side effects of rituximab and also specific infusion-rate instructions, measures to reduce the incidence of side effects, and criteria for stopping the infusion when necessary.