Изменение агрохимических показателей чернозема при длительном применении удобрений и обработок

In the Central Chernozem considered agrochemical aspects of long-term (20 years) of mineral and organic fertilizers on the background of moldboard, moldboardless and minimum tillage.It is established that the content of available phosphorus in the soil rotation increases 3.9 times when making fertilizer dose N120P120K120. By provision of this element soil passes from a low grading to high and very high (181-205 mg / kg).Additional manure at a dose of 16 tonnes per hectare of crop rotation area leads to a further increase in the content of mobile phosphates in the soil (up to 214-255 mg /kg). Against the background of fertilizer and manure minimum tillage increases the available phosphorus content by 13% in relation to plowing. The maintenance of mobile potassium increases from the security average level (on a control variant) to high (137-141 mg/kg of soil) at long entering of mineral fertilizers, and especially at joint entering of mineral fertilizers and manure. Regular entering of mineral fertilizers reduces the humus maintenance in soil on the average by 0,05 % in absolute expression, and manure entering, on the contrary, raises on 0,23 %. The humus maintenance raises to the greatest degree (on 0,37 %) at joint entering of mineral fertilizers and manure. Among ways of processing of soil plowing on the fertilized background raises the humus maintenance on 0,11 % in comparison with the minimum processing of soil. Mineral fertilizers increase the maintenance of the absorbed hydrogen in a soil-absorbing complex by 1,7 mg-ekv on 100 г soils. Manure stabilizes acidity of an arable layer at initial level, and joint entering of mineral fertilizers and manure optimizes the given indicator. The minimum processing of soil at mineral system of fertilizer promotes increase of hydrolytic acidity of soil on 23 % in relation to plowing. For the purpose of improvement of agrochemical indicators of chernozem typical application of mineral fertilizers should be accompanied by unitary entering for rotation a manure crop rotation under plowing.