Method for comprehensively recycling rare earth and fluorine in process of treating bastnaesite

The invention provides a method for comprehensively recycling rare earth and fluorine in a process of treating bastnaesite. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out oxidizing roasting on the bastnaesite, leaching a roasted mixture by adopting hydrochloric acid to obtain a rare earth chloride solution containing less cerium and fluorine-containing and cerium-rich slag, wherein a roasting additive is added in the bastnaesite in the roasting process and/or a catalytic leaching additive is added in the mixture in a hydrochloric acid leaching process; and then separating and recycling rare earth chloride from the fluorine-containing and cerium-rich slag. According to the method provided by the invention, the consumption of a large quantity of chemical raw materials can be reduced, the pollution to the environment in a use process is greatly reduced, and the production cost is also greatly lowered. According to the method, the procedures of multiple times of solid-liquid separation and the like are eliminated, the process is simplified, the manipulation strength is reduced, the rare earth loss is reduced, the rare earth yield is increased, and especially the hydrochloric acid leaching recycling rate of high-valent non-cerium rare earth is increased. The method provided by the invention realizes fluorine-free emission in the whole process, and has the characteristics of low consumption, high efficiency and the like.