Statistical Foundations for Computerized Adaptive Testing with Response Revision

The compatibility of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) with response revision has been a topic of debate in psychometrics for many years. The problem is to provide test takers opportunities to change their answers during the test, while discouraging deceptive strategies from their side and preserving the statistical efficiency of the traditional CAT. The estimating approach proposed in Wang et al. (Stat Sin 27(4):1987–2010, 2017), based on the nominal response model, allows test takers to provide more than one answer to each item during the test, which they all contribute to the interim and final ability estimation. This approach is here reformulated, extended to incorporate a larger class of polytomous and dichotomous item response theory models, and investigated with simulation studies under different test-taking strategies.