Large perinephric abscess in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis diagnosed by positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT).

Perinephric abscesses in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have seldom been reported. The case of a maintenance HD patient with a left perinephric abscess is reported. Although the lesion could not be visualized using other imaging examinations, using FDG and positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT), the patient was diagnosed as having a left perinephric abscess and nephrolithiasis. At the patient's request, the perinephric abscess was treated conservatively with antibiotic therapy alone, and it eventually remitted. This is the first case report of a perinephric abscess diagnosed by FDG PET-CT in a patient on maintenance HD. FDG PET-CT appears to be useful for identifying perinephric abscesses in HD patients, resulting in early diagnosis and appropriate therapy for this severe infection.