Cardiovascular risk in individuals with depressionRisco cardiovascular em indivíduos com depressão

Depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are both common illnesses. Several studies demonstrated that depressed individuals have higher mortality compared to age- and gender-matched population, with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. There is a bidirectional association between depression and CVD. Several factors can interact and influence this relationship: poverty and social inequality, reduced accessibility to health care, biological alterations (as reduced heart rate variability, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflam-mation and platelet function, and hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), side effects of psychiatric medication, lower adherence to medical treatments, and higher frequency of cardiovascularrisk factors (higher tobacco use, physical inactivity, obesity, dia-betes mellitus). This article aims to update the current evidence of the possible mechanisms involved in the association between depression and CVD.