Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in the Patients Admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2016-2018)

Background: Nosocomial infections are important medical concerns in developed and developing countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered the third leading cause of nosocomial infections following Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated P. aeruginosa strains in the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 900 patients with positive P. aeruginosa cultures who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2016-2018. Bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and the standard disc-diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility based on the CLSI protocol. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The majority of the P. aeruginosa-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (44.3%), intensive care unit (21.9%), blood samples (40.4%), and urine samples (18.7%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, cefazolin, and cefixime. In addition, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against P. aeruginosa with the sensitivity of 68.1% and 57.2%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, P. aeruginosa had high resistance against antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole and ceftriaxone. Therefore, these antibiotics should be used correctly and reasonably, and epidemiological studies in this regard should be focused on proposing national programs to prevent the further spread of antibiotic resistance.