Highly-stable ( 9 and High Endurance of 10 9 Cycles

We demonstrate driving parameters to control the hybrid-filament (HF) in Ag-based threshold switching (TS) devices. To achieve statistically improved TS behavior, we engineer the nucleation energy barrier, shape of HF and steric repulsion force during TS-operation. Finally, we demonstrate TS with extremely low OFF current (0.1 pA), extremely high selectivity (> 109) with stable threshold voltage ( 109) with stable steep subthreshold slope ~ 1 mV/dec, and high device-yield in Ag based devices.