The specially orthotropic GRP multi-layered cylindrical shell—The fluid loading of the partially filled horizontal vessel or pipe

Abstract A theoretical approach for the multi-layered, cross-ply GRP cylindrical shell with through thickness symmetry subject to a general loading system is presented in Ref. 1. The method is used here to examine the behaviour of a horizontal vessel, or pipe of a layered construction, which is partially or totally filled with fluid. The stresses and strains obtained for the layered system are compared with the isotropic case, which although rather conservative, could serve as a simple design model.