Imbalance of NKp44+NKp46− and NKp44−NKp46+ Natural Killer Cells in the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients With Crohn's Disease

Background & Aims Mucosal natural killer (NK) cells that produce interleukin (IL)-22 mediate intestinal homeostasis and inflammation in mice. However, their role in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is not known. We investigated intestinal NK cells in intestinal mucosa samples of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods We isolated lamina propria NK cells from intestinal mucosal samples of patients with IBD and subjects without IBD (controls) and analyzed expression patterns of cell surface molecules and cytokine production. Interactions between lamina propria NK cells and intestinal macrophages were examined. Results In intestinal mucosa samples from controls, NKp44 and NKp46 were expressed differentially on CD3 − CD56 + NK cells, NKp44 + NKp46 − (NKp44 + ) NK cells expressed CD127 and the transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and produced IL-22 whereas NKp44 − NKp46 + (NKp46 + ) NK cells did not express CD127 or RORC and produced interferon (IFN)-γ. NKp46 + NK cells were predominant in intestinal mucosa of patients with CD compared with controls or patients with ulcerative colitis. Upon interaction with intestinal inflammatory macrophages NKp46 + , NK cells from patients with CD were activated via IL-23 and produced IFN-γ; this activation required cell-to-cell contact. Conclusions The balance of NKp44 + /NKp46 + NK cells is disrupted in intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. NKp46 + NK cells might mediate the pathogenesis of CD by producing IFN-γ.