Untargeted LC-HRMS-Based Metabolomics for Searching New Biomarkers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma A Pilot Study

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal tumors since it is usually detected at an advanced stage in which surgery and/or current chemotherapy have limited efficacy. The lack of sensitive and specific markers for diagnosis leads to a dismal prognosis. The purpose of this study is to identify metabolites in serum of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers of this pathology. We used liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for a nontargeted metabolomics approach with serum samples from 28 individuals, including 16 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 12 healthy controls. Multivariate statistical analysis, which included principal component analysis and partial least squares, revealed clear separation between the patient and control groups analyzed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry using a nontargeted metabolomics approach. The metabolic analysis showed significantly lower levels of phospholi...