Silicon oxide-loaded ruthenium catalyst modified or unmodified with organic functional group and containing nickel or no nickel, and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a silicon oxide-loaded ruthenium catalyst modified or unmodified with an organic functional group and containing nickel or no nickel and a preparation method thereof; the catalyst takes ruthenium as an active component, and ruthenium particles are loaded on a carrier; ruthenium includes metal ruthenium or oxidation-state ruthenium; the weight percentage of the contained ruthenium is 0.5-5 wt.%, the content of the surface organic group is 0.5-10 wt.%, and the loading amount of contained nickel in the nickel-containing silicon oxide-loaded ruthenium catalyst accounts for 10.0-70.0 wt.% of the silicon oxide mass. The particle size of the active component ruthenium nanoparticles is 1-5 nm. Efficient catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl or other unsaturated bonds is achieved under conditions of the temperature of 20-50 DEG C and low pressure, and the catalyst has the catalytic hydrogenation generality and appropriate hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and improves the safety and economical efficiency of a common hydrogenation catalytic reaction system. Moreover, the catalyst has magnetism, is easy to recycle and regenerate, still remains relatively high activity after repeated use, and shows good industrial application value on hydrogenation of a variety of unsaturated functional bonds.