Deterministic-based energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid

Abstract In this chapter, optimal energy management of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid is investigated in a deterministic environment. The AC subgrid includes a modified IEEE 33-bus system including photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, storage, demand response providers (DRPs), and industrial loads (ILs). The DC subgrid is a 16-bus test system connected to the modified IEEE 33-bus system through an AC/DC converter. In the considered case study it is assumed that the energy can be exchanged between AC and DC subgrids. To reduce total operating cost of the system, load reduction of DRPs and ILs considered in the AC subgrid and time-of-use rate of demand response program implemented in the DC subgrid. The optimal energy management of the hybrid AC/DC system is modeled as mixed-integer nonlinear programming and is solved using the DICOPT solver in GAMS optimization software.