Rational Choice of a Material for Orthopedic Insoles Based on the Mechanical Characteristics and Practical Application Purposes

The general principles for the usage of polymer materials for the manufacturing of orthopedic products are discussed. The current choice of polymeric materials for orthopedic insoles and footwear is based on empirical evidence. In many cases, this choice is made subjectively because there is no information regarding each material’s mechanical properties and their in vitro interaction. The insole functionality will depend on the mechanical properties of the used materials, the target functions of which are: amortization, energy absorption, stiffness, adaptation to the sole of the foot, filling of the cavities inside the shoe, and relieving pressure when walking. Accommodative insoles are suitable for patients with diabetes, early Charcot’s disease, or any form of neuropathy, while functional insoles are best used for treating pronation, plantar fasciitis, and heel spur syndrome. This study aimed to provide objective criteria for selecting materials for orthopedic insoles based on their mechanical characteristics. The mechanical properties of the materials were quantified using standardized methods.