Hydrogenated dual-shell sodium titanate cubes for sodium-ion batteries with optimized ion transportation

As a typical layered electrode material, sodium titanate has shown high energy density but poor ion transportation kinetics for sodium-ion batteries. Hence, optimizing the migration of larger ions in such a layered structured material is of great significance for sodium-ion batteries. Herein, we rationally construct dual-shell structured titanates with hydrogenated-induced oxygen vacancies to regulate the tunnels for Na ion transport structurally and atomically. Serving as anodes for batteries, the as-prepared samples exhibit enhanced rate performance compared to the one without oxygen vacancies. The result demonstrates an effective approach to optimize ion transport kinetics.