Trends in pediatric lymphoma incidence by global region, age and sex from 1988-2012.

Abstract Background Global variation in lymphoma incidence by type and age at diagnosis, region, sex, and Human Development Index (HDI) categories has not been reported, may shed light on potential biologic mechanisms and identify areas for targeted interventions. Methods Using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents data from 1988 to 2012, we identified Hodgkin (HL), non-Hodgkin (NHL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) diagnosed in children aged 0–19 years. We estimated incidence rates (IRs; cases/million) and average annual percent change in incidence (AAPC; 95 % CI) by geographic region, sex, and HDI for each age group (0−9years and 10−19 years). Results There were 42,440 NHL, 38,683 H L, and 7703 included. Southern European (SE) 10−19-year-olds (yo) had the highest IR of NHL (19.6 cases/million) in 2008−2012. HL IRs for 0−9yo were 25 cases/million for 10−19yo in European regions and Oceania (OC). BL IRs were generally Conclusions Southern and Northern Europe and Oceania displayed increased incidence of all lymphomas studied from 1988 to 2012. BL incidence significantly increased in 8 of 15 global regions, males, and higher HDI countries over the study period. Mechanisms underlying these increases remain to be elucidated.