The Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediator Resolvin E1 Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Wound Repair

Resolution of inflammation and wound healing are active processes that are required to repair the epithelial barrier at mucosal surfaces following injury. Protein/peptides and lipid mediators referred to as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) play an important role in the reparative response. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a SPM derived from omega-3 fatty acids has been reported to decrease the inflammatory response and promote repair. Using an endoscopic biopsy-based wound healing model, we observed increased RvE1 synthesis in healing wounds. Delayed intestinal mucosal wound closure was observed in mice lacking the RvE1 G protein coupled receptor Chemokine Like Receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Complimentary in vitro experiments demonstrated that RvE1 treatment of model intestinal epithelial cells promoted wound repair by increasing epithelial cell proliferation through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, in-vivo local administration of RvE1-encapsulated synthetic nanoparticles into healing intestinal w...