Dietary energy density and risk of prostate cancer: (A case-control study)

Summary Objective Some observational studies investigated the association between dietary energy density (DED) and risk of cancers with inconstant results. In addition, there is no study on such association among patients with prostate cancer (PC). The present study was performed to evaluate the association between dietary energy density (DED) and PC risk. Methods In this case-control study, one hundred and twenty-five participants were enrolled (62 cases and 63 controls) in this study. Dietary intakes were assessed using 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, demographic characteristics were collected using a general questionnaire and anthropometric indices were measured based on the available guidelines. The association between DED and PC risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results The results showed that higher DED score was associated with increased risk of PC (OR= 2.59; 95% CI= (1.24 – 5.40)). Interestingly, after adjusting for potential confounders ((smoking, physical activity, energy intake, education, ethnicity, job, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and aspirin) the results remained significant (OR= 2.87; 95% CI= (1.17 – 7.05)). Conclusion Our findings suggest that DED may increase the risk of PC. However, more prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.