Unfolding of proteins and long transient conformations detected by single nanopore recording

G. Oukhaled, J. Mathe, A.-L. Biance, L. Bacri, J.-M. Betton, D. Lairez, J. Pelta,* and L. Auvray Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polymeres, equipe Materiaux Polymeres aux Interfaces, CNRS-UMR 7581, Universite d’Evry, 91025 Evry, France Unite de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS-URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Groupe Microenvironnements et Comportements Cellulaires, Universite de Cergy-Pontoise, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France (Received 7 September 2006; published 9 April 2007)