Histological Changes in the Periosteum Following Subperiosteal Expansion in Rabbit Scalp

Purpose In intraoral bone grafting, tension-free coverage of the recipient site with periosteal flap results in optimal wound closure. Tissue expansion could be a suitable modality to obtain soft tissue in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the histology of the periosteum after subperiosteal expansion in the rabbit scalp. Materials and Methods In this animal study, 6 rectangular tissue expanders were placed in the skulls of 6 male white New Zealand rabbits; in 6 control rabbits, an incision was made to the periosteum but no expansion was performed. Three months after the surgeries, the rabbits were sacrificed and tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome. Results The number of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and blood vessels and the density of collagen fibers were significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group ( P Conclusions Subperiosteal tissue expansion in the rabbit scalp markedly increased the histologic components of the periosteum involved in bone regeneration.