Evolution of the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in isolates from pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007–2018. Methods Invasive pneumococcal disease strains isolated during the period 2007–2018 were studied. The frequency of serotypes from pleural fluid was compared with that observed in other samples. Results A total of 6,115 pneumococcal invasive isolates were processed. Of them, 182 (3%) were isolated from pleural fluid. A total of 70.9% of isolates belonged to some of the following six serotypes: 1, 3, 19A, 8, 7F and 5. The serotypes 3 and 8 increased significantly from 9.6% to 30.8%, and from 5.3% to 20.5%, respectively, over the periods 2007−2010 to 2015−2018. Conclusions Pneumococcal serotypes 3 and 8 are currently significant causes of infection of pleural fluid in our region.