Estabilidad de rendimiento y características fisicoquímicas de grano de híbridos de maíz en Valles Altos de México

Corn grain crops in High Valleys of Mexico generally do not meet quality requirements for use in the tortilla and dough industry. New hybrids have been released by research centers for these agroecological conditions and it is necessary to evaluate the stability of production and grain quality in different production environments to avoid rejection in the market. The objective of this study was to identify stable hybrids in their yield, physical-chemical characteristics of the grains and quality of tortillas. Ten hybrids were evaluated in five different environments with four replications for each treatment. The data were analyzed with SAS, version 9.0, the Anova was developed and the comparison of means was made with the Tukey test at 5%. Significant differences were detected for hybrids, environment and hybrid*environment interaction; for grain yield, physical-chemical variables of the tortillas. The grain yields ranged from 9 to 12.4 t ha-1. The highest stability due to adaptability and yield by environments was found for hybrids H-70, H-66 and Tsiri Puma. Within the group of hard grains are the Tsiri Puma and the commercial control Albatros. The Atziri Puma hybrids, in Temascalcingo and H-50 in Atlacomulco, presented the largest grains. Correlations were found between proteins vs oil (r= 0.6), oil vs starch (r= -0.86) and proteins vs starch (r= -0.82). The highest dough yield was found in the H-51 AE hybrid, followed by H-47 AE, Albatros and Tsiri Puma with 2 kg of dough for each kg of nixtamalized corn. The yield and quality of tortillas of the hybrids evaluated comply with the values demanded by the industry. The results of this research allow us to recommend these new hybrids, due to their stability in yield, in the test environments, commercial quality of the grain and quality of their tortillas.