Asynchronous Cellular Automata Simulating Complex Phenomena

The concept of asynchronous cellular automaton (ACA) differs from that of classical synchronous cellular automata (CA) in the mode of operation, namely cells transit to next states at random being updated sequentially. ACA are especially suitable for simulation chemical, biological, and physical phenomena, which are dissipative, nonlinear, and stochastic. Usually, such phenomena are represented as a combination of movements and transformations of real or abstract particles.