Delivery and effects of Proton pump inhibitor on anaerobic digestion of food and kitchen waste under ammonia stress

Abstract Ammonia stress changes microbial metabolism of anaerobic digestion and decreases methane yield, where proton pump overactivated by free ammonia suggested to be the centre of the metabolism changes in anaerobic digestion under ammonia stress. The work demonstrated that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) could alleviate the overactivated proton pump and mitigate ammonia inhibition. Its impacts on iron transporter, substrates uptake, and energy conservation were investigated in anaerobic digestion treating food and kitchen waste. The PPI formed a stimuli-responsive drug delivery system driven by pH for the more inhibited microbe (p