Electrical stimulation as therapy for neurological disorders

This article outlines the basics of implantable neurological stimulators (INSs) and electrodes. Mechanisms of neural stimulation relevant to the clinician are reviewed, including the activating function, strength-duration relationship, and strength-distance relationship as well as safety considerations including safe charge and charge density levels. Clinical examples are taken from spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for pain and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders such as essential tremor and Parkinson's disease