Relationship of Gray Values in Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Bone Mineral Density Obtained by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) determined with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) gray values and BMD determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Study Design Women age greater than 50 years requiring CBCT for implant treatment were included in the study. BMD was determined by calculating the mean gray value of CBCT cross-sectional images of anterior, premolar, retromolar, and tuberosity areas of the mandible and maxilla. Patients were then subjected to DEXA of the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Independent t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) evaluation were used for data analysis. Results Of 61 asymptomatic patients (mean age 64 years), 47.5% and 55.7% had abnormal BMD, based on the T-scores of the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively. Significant correlations were noted between the T-scores of the femoral neck and lumbar spine and the gray values of the maxillary incisor and tuberosity areas. Conclusions A strong correlation exists between the CBCT gray values at different sites in the maxilla and the results of DEXA. A gray value less than 298 at the maxillary tuberosity can help distinguish patients with osteoporosis from normal individuals, with 66% to 67% accuracy and suggests the need for DEXA analysis.