The Effect of a Combined Multiple-Modality Exercise Intervention on Sensorimotor Function in Community Dwelling Older Adults, with A Subjective Cognitive Complaint: The M4 Study (Multi-Modal; Mind Motor)

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Appendices viii List of Terms and Abbreviations ix Chapter 1 1 1.1 Literature Review 1 1.2 Aging and Cognitive Impairment 1 1.3 Exercise on Brain Health 3 1.4 Exercise and Neuroplasticity 4 1.5 Exercise and Cognitive Functions 6 1.5.1 Aerobic Training 7 1.5.2 Resistance Training 8 1.5.3 Cognitive Training 9 1.5.4 Combined Training 10 1.5.5 Dual-Tasking and Cognition 11 1.5.6 Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) 12 1.6 Exercise and Inhibitory Control 13 1.6.1 Aerobic Training and Inhibitory Control 14 1.6.2 Resistance Training 14 1.7 Antisaccade Task (AS) 15 1.7.1 Neural Mechanisms for the Antisaccade task 16 1.7.2 Antisaccade Task and Cognitive Decline 16 1.7.3 Exercise and Antisaccade Task 17 1.8 Summary 18 Chapter 2 19