Application of Urine Proteome in Cardiac Diseases Biomarker Discovery

The cardiac disease is a common disorder and is considered as one of the leading causes of death around the world. The early detection of cardiac diseases is urgently needed. Though some diagnostic biomarkers have been used in prediction of diverse cardiac diseases in clinical practice, they are not enough good as expected. The urine proteome studies of cardiac diseases were relatively less than the plasma studies; however, they may provide some useful clues for prediction of the cardiac diseases with the development of high-resolution mass spectrometry technology. In this chapter, we summarize the urinary diagnostic protein biomarker of cardiac diseases (animal models and patients) and review recent urine proteome studies of coronary artery disease, myocarditis, and heart failure. These findings may provide clues for the pathogenesis of diseases, and the results may show that urine is a good source of cardiac diseases biomarkers.