ДНК-технологии в селекции сельскохозяйственных животных

The estimation of breeding value was and remains the most difficult stage in cultivation of agricultural animals and, in particular, dairy cattle. The problem of an estimation of breeding value of an animal consists that for its definition it is necessary to compare and analyse communication between selection signs at ancestors, lateral relatives, descendants and the animal. The analysis of polymorphism of single nucleotides of DNA of all genome gives the chance to reveal communications of loci of quantitative signs with thousand markers and to raise reliability of an estimation of breeding value of animals from 30-40 % to 60-90 % and at the expense of reduction of an interval of generations and cost of check of bulls on quality of posterity to accelerate genetic progress. Technologically molecular genetics, biometry, cybernetics, and biotechnology have given keys to fast hereditary transformation of breeds and populations of agricultural animals. However the understanding of the remote genetic consequences of revolutionary change of population gene pool while lags behind rough progress of technical possibilities. Therefore it is necessary to aspire to receive the qualitative information on intraspecific genetic differentiation and the differentiated selective value of population gene pool by means of new means.