HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, PERILAKU, DAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN ANGKA KECACINGAN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA PALU

Abstrak Penyakit Kecacingan tersebar luas, baik di pedesaan maupun di perkotaan. Penyakit kecacingan di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena prevalensinya yang masih sangat tinggi yaitu antara 45-65%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan hubungan antara pengetahuan, perilaku dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan angka kecacingan pada anak Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Palu. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Watusampu dan Kelurahan Lolu Utara di Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah selama delapan bulan, yaitu bulan April sampai November 2011. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi dengan menggunakan disain cross sectional study. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sampel tinja dari 288 siswa SD. Pemeriksaan tinja dilakukan di Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala dengan penggunakan metode langsung. Pengumpulan tinja dilakukan selama tiga hari berturut-turut setelah kunjungan ke sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 288 sampel, 90 sampel adalah positif terinfeksi cacing. Jenis cacing paling dominan menginfeksi adalah Ascaris lumbricoides (83,34%). Prevalensi kecacingan pada anak SD di Kota Palu sebesar 31,6%. Tidak ada bukti yang cukup menunjukkan hubungan antara pengetahuan, perilaku, dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan angka kecacingan pada anak SD di Kota Palu. (p-value > 0,05; p = 0,466, p = 0,382, p = 0,349). Kata kunci: prevalensi kecacingan, anak sekolah dasar, pengetahuan, perilaku, sanitasi lingkungan, Kota Palu Abstract Soil transmitted helminth diseases are wide spread in urban and rural areas. Soil transmitted helminth disease is still a public health problem in Indonesia due to the prevalence is still high with range 45-65%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the association between knowledge, practice, and environmental sanitation and soil transmitted helminth disease prevalence in elementary school students in Palu Municipality, Central Sulawesi. This study was carried out in Watusampu and Lolu Utara villages in Palu Municipality, Central Sulawesi for eight months, from April to November 2011. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from interview and stool examination of 288 students. The stool samples were examined in laboratory of vector borne disease research and development by using “direct method”. The stool samples were collected for three days in a row after visiting schools. The results showed that from 288 samples, 90 samples were positive for soil transmitted helminth. Most of the samples were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides (83.34%). The prevalence of soil transmitted helminth in elementary school students in Palu Municipality was 31.6%. There was no evidence of the association between knowledge, practise, and enviromental sanitation and soil transmitted helminth disease in elementary school students in Palu Municipality (pvalue > 0.05; p = 0.466, p = 0.382, p = 0.349). Key words : Soil transmitted helminth prevalence, elementary school student, knowledge, practise, enviromental sanitation, Palu Municipality