Convex probabilistic allocation of wind generation in smart distribution networks

This study introduces a probabilistic optimisation model for allocation of renewable distributed generations (DGs) in radial distribution networks. The methodology is based on a probabilistic generation – load model that combines all possible operating conditions of the wind-based DG units as well as load levels with their probabilities. A multiobjective performance index is extracted that is formulated as a combination of two indices, namely energy losses reduction and voltage improvement. Besides, a probabilistic AC optimal power flow is used to determine the optimal allocation of wind DG and maximise the multiobjective performance index. Two alternative control approaches of the future smart grids, i.e. area based under load tap changer control and adaptive power factor control, are assessed to maximise potential benefits and expand the penetration level of DGs. At first, this problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) which leads to a computationally NP-hard problem. Accordingly, the obtained MINLP problem is relaxed and reformulated in the form of a well-suited second-order cone programming problem which is computationally efficient scheme to be solved. The implementation of the proposed framework on 4-bus and IEEE 33-bus radial distribution systems shows the performance of the proposed optimisation mechanism.