Anti-CD3 treatment up-regulates programmed cell death protein-1 expression on activated effector T cells and severely impairs their inflammatory capacity

This work was funded by grants from the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in research (NC3Rs) (NC/M001083/1) (MW), Diabetes UK (BDA 13/0004785) (AC), Diabetes Research and Wellness (SCA/OF/12/13) (AC), European Research Council 7th Frame Programme (health-f5-2009-241883) (AC and HW), Britain Israel Research and Academic Exchange Partnership (BIRAX) (02BX12ACYD) (AC), and ERC advanced investigator grant 339402 (HW) and pump priming funding from the Cambridge University Isaac Newton trust.