Axial endplay detection device and detection method

The invention relates to a detection device for axial endplay of an axis of a work-piece, and particularly to an axial endplay detection device and detection method. The axial endplay detection device comprises an adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the vertical position of the work-piece, a clamping mechanism used for fixing the work-piece, a driving mechanism used for driving the work-piece to generate the axial endplay and a detecting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism is directly fixed on a lathe body; the clamping mechanism is fixed on a guide rail of the lathe body and can move horizontally with respect to the lathe body along the guide rail; and the driving mechanism and the detecting mechanism are fixed on the clamping mechanism. The axial endplay detection method comprises the steps of: driving the axis of the work-piece to move towards one side by the axial endplay detection devices at two sides; then enabling the axis to move towards the other side; recording the two displacement values through a linear displacement sensor; and obtaining a differential value between the two displacement values to serve as the axial endplay of the work-piece. The axial endplay detection device has a simple structure, reliable engagement, precise detection, and a safe working environment; and the axial endplay detection method has a simple structure and reliable engagement, and guarantees the reliability and efficiency of the whole detection process.