Intensity-modulated labeling and all-optical label swapping on angle-modulated optical packets

We proposed and investigated superimposing intensity-modulated labels onto high-speed angle-modulated payloads in optical label-switching packet networks. This can largely simplify the all-optical label swapping, including label extraction, processing, removal, and new label insertion. The transmission performances of 1.244-Gb/s on-off keying labels on 9.953-Gb/s optical frequency-shift keying and differential phase-shift keying payloads were investigated; and the all-optical label swapping was successfully demonstrated with low penalty.