1.13 Bioactive Layer Formation on Metals and Polymers

Bioactive layers, which induce apatite formation on their surfaces in the living body and bond to living bone through this apatite layer, can be formed on various kinds of metals and polymers by simple chemical and heat treatments. They are easily and uniformly formed even on irregular inner surfaces of porous materials. Their functions can be varied by incorporating different ions into the bioactive layers through the chemical treatments.