The time has come to pull renal cancer’s sweet tooth

The metabolic theory of cancer is based on cancer’s unique suppression of mitochondrial glucose oxidation and upregulation of cytosolic glycolysis, first identified by Otto Warburg nearly 100 years ago (1). This “Warburg effect” has been shown to be driven by numerous mechanisms including growth factor signalling, oncogene expression, metabolic enzyme mutation and regulation of factors that control mitochondrial homeostasis (2).