Trait anxiety and nicotine dependence in adolescents: a report from the DANDY study

Abstract The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) were used to measure trait anxiety and tobacco dependence in a population of 581 adolescents. Smokers demonstrated higher mean RCMAS scores (9.3, S.D.=6.5) than nonsmokers did (7.4, S.D.=6.2, t =−3.7, P n =115) than did the participants without symptoms (mean=7.8, S.D.=6.0, n =177, t =−5.3, P n =292, r =.32, P