Exploring the interaction between siRNA and the SMoC biomolecule transporters: Implications for small molecule-mediated delivery of siRNA

The small molecule carrier class of biomolecule transporters, modeled on the third helix of the Antennapedia homeodomain, has previously been shown to transport active proteins into cells. Here, we show an improved synthetic route to small molecule carriers, including Molander chemistry using trifluoroborate salts to improve the yield of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling step for the formation of the biphenyl backbone. The required boronic acids could be formed by the reaction of a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ether-modified aryl Grignard reagent with triisopropyl borate. The potential for the use of small molecule carriers as oligonucleotide-transporting agents was also explored by characterizing the interactions between small molecule carriers and siRNA. Molecular dynamics and NMR analysis indicated that the small molecule carrier guanidines are stabilized by π-cation interactions with the biphenyl system, thus not only increasing the basicity or pKa but also shielding the charge. The binding affinities of various small molecule carriers for siRNA were investigated using isothermal calorimetry and gel shift assays. Small molecule carrier-mediated siRNA delivery to cultured fibroblasts is demonstrated, showing that small molecule carriers possess the ability to transport functional siRNA into cells. Knockdown of Cdc7 kinase, a target for cancer, is achieved. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling utilising a Molander Aryl trifluoroborate salt allows a simple synthesis of SMoC biomolecule transporters. Molecular dynamics and NMR studies indicate formation of a π-cation interaction between a guanidine and the adjacent aryl ring. Complex formation with siRNA is controlled by enthalpic forces and allows cellular uptake and functional knockdown of Cdc7 kinase. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.