Study of Broncho-Dilating Effect of Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate, as a Vehicle for Salbutamol or as an Individual Agent, In Patients of Acute Asthma

Magnesium is a calcium antagonist which reduces movement of Calcium ion across cell membrane, thus relieving bronchial constriction. It also reduces mucous glands secretions and release of histaimine by mast cells. Our study analysed the bronchodilating effects of Magnesium sulphate, along with its safety profile in acute asthma. Total 71 asthmatics were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A (n=26) was nebulised with salbutamol alone, Group B (n=24) with salbutamol mixed in isotonic magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 7.5% w/v) and group C (n=21) treated with magnesium sulfate alone. Parameters measured were PEFR at baseline, 10 minute and 20 minute interval along with vital parameters and side effects, if any. In all three groups, we observed an increase in PEFR , Mean % increase over baseline was quite significant (P<0.01) at 10 and 20 minute interval in Group B and Group C in whom, magnesium sulfate was nebulized. Magnesium sulfate induced greater bronchodilation in those patients having baseline PEFR<50% [Acute Severe Asthma] in contrast to plain salbutamol. No significant changes in vital parameters were noticed and side effects were also self-limiting. With bronchodilating properties, Magnesium sulfate may be used in acute attacks of asthma, to buy time, till other standard Bronchodilatiors may act. However, further clinical trials are needed to establish the optimum dose-response relationship.