Eye Movement Testing Findings in Diabetic: Review

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and one of the main public health concerns in the world. Diabetes causes significant central nervous system complications, which results in important functional damages. Small neurological disorders caused by diabetes are not detectable in neurological routine examinations. Eye movement analysis is a good way to diagnose brain lesions, saccadic reflexes testing has become especially useful in detecting the central nervous system pathology. Diabetes can cause disturbances on saccadic and pursuit eye movement, such as decreasing the accuracy and increasing the delay time of saccade movements and reducing the speed of movement of the pursuit. This can show damage to the central nervous system in diabetic patients. Also, asymmetry in saccadic and optokinetic movements in diabetic indicates that diabetes can cause eye movement impairment by damaging the function of brain stem and the cerebellum and basal ganglion cells. These tests could be useful to diagnose early complications of central nervous system diabetes in these patients. The aim of this study was to review studies that have evaluated the effect of diabetes on eye movement. The article shows the results of the articles presented in different data bases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed search engines from 1948 to 2016. In this review, quantitative and qualitative peer reviewed evidences with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria, have been gathered, summarized, discussed and concluded.